2 Raja-raja 25:1-30
Konteks25:1 So King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came against Jerusalem with his whole army and set up camp outside 1 it. They built siege ramps all around it. He arrived on the tenth day of the tenth month in the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign. 2 25:2 The city remained under siege until King Zedekiah’s eleventh year. 25:3 By the ninth day of the fourth month 3 the famine in the city was so severe the residents 4 had no food. 25:4 The enemy broke through the city walls, 5 and all the soldiers tried to escape. They left the city during the night. 6 They went through the gate between the two walls that is near the king’s garden. 7 (The Babylonians were all around the city.) Then they headed for the Jordan Valley. 8 25:5 But the Babylonian army chased after the king. They caught up with him in the plains of Jericho, 9 and his entire army deserted him. 25:6 They captured the king and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah, 10 where he 11 passed sentence on him. 25:7 Zedekiah’s sons were executed while Zedekiah was forced to watch. 12 The king of Babylon 13 then had Zedekiah’s eyes put out, bound him in bronze chains, and carried him off to Babylon.
25:8 On the seventh 14 day of the fifth month, 15 in the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard 16 who served the king of Babylon, arrived in Jerusalem. 17 25:9 He burned down the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and all the houses in Jerusalem, including every large house. 18 25:10 The whole Babylonian army that came with the captain of the royal guard tore down the walls that surrounded Jerusalem. 25:11 Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard, deported the rest of the people who were left in the city, those who had deserted to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the craftsmen. 19 25:12 But he 20 left behind some of the poor of the land and gave them fields and vineyards.
25:13 The Babylonians broke the two bronze pillars in the Lord’s temple, as well as the movable stands and the big bronze basin called the “The Sea.” 21 They took the bronze to Babylon. 25:14 They also took the pots, shovels, 22 trimming shears, 23 pans, and all the bronze utensils used by the priests. 24 25:15 The captain of the royal guard took the golden and silver censers 25 and basins. 25:16 The bronze of the items that King Solomon made for the Lord’s temple – including the two pillars, the big bronze basin called “The Sea,” the twelve bronze bulls under “The Sea,” 26 and the movable stands – was too heavy to be weighed. 25:17 Each of the pillars was about twenty-seven feet 27 high. The bronze top of one pillar was about four and a half feet 28 high and had bronze latticework and pomegranate shaped ornaments all around it. The second pillar with its latticework was like it.
25:18 The captain of the royal guard took Seraiah the chief priest and Zephaniah, the priest who was second in rank, and the three doorkeepers. 25:19 From the city he took a eunuch who was in charge of the soldiers, five 29 of the king’s advisers 30 who were discovered in the city, an official army secretary who drafted citizens 31 for military service, and sixty citizens from the people of the land who were discovered in the city. 25:20 Nebuzaradan, captain of the royal guard, took them and brought them to the king of Babylon at Riblah. 25:21 The king of Babylon ordered them to be executed 32 at Riblah in the territory 33 of Hamath. So Judah was deported from its land.
25:22 Now King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon appointed Gedaliah son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, as governor over the people whom he allowed to remain in the land of Judah. 34 25:23 All of the officers of the Judahite army 35 and their troops heard that the king of Babylon had appointed Gedaliah to govern. So they came to Gedaliah at Mizpah. The officers who came were Ishmael son of Nethaniah, Johanan son of Kareah, Seraiah son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah son of the Maacathite. 25:24 Gedaliah took an oath so as to give them and their troops some assurance of safety. 36 He said, “You don’t need to be afraid to submit to the Babylonian officials. Settle down in the land and submit to the king of Babylon. Then things will go well for you.” 25:25 But in the seventh month 37 Ishmael son of Nethaniah, son of Elishama, who was a member of the royal family, 38 came with ten of his men and murdered Gedaliah, 39 as well as the Judeans and Babylonians who were with him at Mizpah. 25:26 Then all the people, from the youngest to the oldest, as well as the army officers, left for 40 Egypt, because they were afraid of what the Babylonians might do.
25:27 In the thirty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin of Judah, on the twenty-seventh 41 day of the twelfth month, 42 King Evil-Merodach of Babylon, in the first year of his reign, pardoned 43 King Jehoiachin of Judah and released him 44 from prison. 25:28 He spoke kindly to him and gave him a more prestigious position than 45 the other kings who were with him in Babylon. 25:29 Jehoiachin 46 took off his prison clothes and ate daily in the king’s presence for the rest of his life. 25:30 He was given daily provisions by the king for the rest of his life until the day he died. 47
2 Raja-raja 22:1-20
Konteks22:1 Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned for thirty-one years in Jerusalem. 48 His mother 49 was Jedidah, daughter of Adaiah, from Bozkath. 22:2 He did what the Lord approved 50 and followed in his ancestor David’s footsteps; 51 he did not deviate to the right or the left.
22:3 In the eighteenth year of King Josiah’s reign, the king sent the scribe Shaphan son of Azaliah, son of Meshullam, to the Lord’s temple with these orders: 52 22:4 “Go up to Hilkiah the high priest and have him melt down 53 the silver that has been brought by the people to the Lord’s temple and has been collected by the guards at the door. 22:5 Have them hand it over to the construction foremen 54 assigned to the Lord’s temple. They in turn should pay the temple workers to repair it, 55 22:6 including craftsmen, builders, and masons, and should buy wood and chiseled stone for the repair work. 56 22:7 Do not audit the foremen who disburse the silver, for they are honest.” 57
22:8 Hilkiah the high priest informed Shaphan the scribe, “I found the law scroll in the Lord’s temple.” Hilkiah gave the scroll to Shaphan and he read it. 22:9 Shaphan the scribe went to the king and reported, 58 “Your servants melted down the silver in the temple 59 and handed it over to the construction foremen assigned to the Lord’s temple.” 22:10 Then Shaphan the scribe told the king, “Hilkiah the priest has given me a scroll.” Shaphan read it out loud before the king. 22:11 When the king heard the words of the law scroll, he tore his clothes. 22:12 The king ordered Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam son of Shaphan, Acbor son of Micaiah, Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah the king’s servant, 22:13 “Go, seek an oracle from 60 the Lord for me and the people – for all Judah. Find out about 61 the words of this scroll that has been discovered. For the Lord’s fury has been ignited against us, 62 because our ancestors have not obeyed the words of this scroll by doing all that it instructs us to do.” 63
22:14 So Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, Acbor, Shaphan, and Asaiah went to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shullam son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, the supervisor of the wardrobe. 64 (She lived in Jerusalem in the Mishneh 65 district.) They stated their business, 66 22:15 and she said to them: “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Say this to the man who sent you to me: 22:16 “This is what the Lord says: ‘I am about to bring disaster on this place and its residents, the details of which are recorded in the scroll which the king of Judah has read. 67 22:17 This will happen because they have abandoned me and offered sacrifices 68 to other gods, angering me with all the idols they have made. 69 My anger will ignite against this place and will not be extinguished!’” 22:18 Say this to the king of Judah, who sent you to seek an oracle from the Lord: “This is what the Lord God of Israel says concerning the words you have heard: 22:19 ‘You displayed a sensitive spirit 70 and humbled yourself before the Lord when you heard how I intended to make this place and its residents into an appalling example of an accursed people. 71 You tore your clothes and wept before me, and I have heard you,’ says the Lord. 22:20 ‘Therefore I will allow you to die and be buried in peace. 72 You will not have to witness 73 all the disaster I will bring on this place.’”’” Then they reported back to the king.
[25:1] 2 sn This would have been Jan 15, 588
[25:3] 3 tn The MT has simply “of the month,” but the parallel passage in Jer 52:6 has “fourth month,” and this is followed by almost all English translations. The word “fourth,” however, is not actually present in the MT of 2 Kgs 25:3.
[25:3] sn According to modern reckoning that would have been July 18, 586
[25:3] 4 tn Heb “the people of the land.”
[25:4] 5 tn Heb “the city was breached.”
[25:4] 6 tn The Hebrew text is abrupt here: “And all the men of war by the night.” The translation attempts to capture the sense.
[25:4] 7 sn The king’s garden is mentioned again in Neh 3:15 in conjunction with the pool of Siloam and the stairs that go down from the city of David. This would have been in the southern part of the city near the Tyropean Valley which agrees with the reference to the “two walls” which were probably the walls on the eastern and western hills.
[25:4] 8 sn Heb “toward the Arabah.” The Arabah was the rift valley north and south of the Dead Sea. Here the intention was undoubtedly to escape across the Jordan to Moab or Ammon. It appears from Jer 40:14; 41:15 that the Ammonites were known to harbor fugitives from the Babylonians.
[25:5] 9 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[25:6] 10 sn Riblah was a strategic town on the Orontes River in Syria. It was at a crossing of the major roads between Egypt and Mesopotamia. Pharaoh Necho had earlier received Jehoahaz there and put him in chains (2 Kgs 23:33) prior to taking him captive to Egypt. Nebuchadnezzar had set up his base camp for conducting his campaigns against the Palestinian states there and was now sitting in judgment on prisoners brought to him.
[25:6] 11 tn The Hebrew text has the plural form of the verb, but the parallel passage in Jer 52:9 has the singular.
[25:7] 12 tn Heb “were killed before his eyes.”
[25:7] 13 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of Babylon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[25:8] 14 tn The parallel account in Jer 52:12 has “tenth.”
[25:8] 15 sn The seventh day of the month would have been August 14, 586
[25:8] 16 tn For the meaning of this phrase see BDB 371 s.v. טַבָּח 2, and compare the usage in Gen 39:1.
[25:8] 17 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[25:9] 18 tn Heb “and every large house he burned down with fire.”
[25:11] 19 tc The MT has “the multitude.” But הֶהָמוֹן (hehamon) should probably be emended to הֶאָמוֹן (he’amon).
[25:12] 20 tn Heb “the captain of the royal guard.” However, the subject is clear from the preceding and contemporary English style would normally avoid repeating the proper name and title.
[25:13] 21 sn See the note at 1 Kgs 7:23.
[25:14] 22 sn These shovels were used to clean the altar.
[25:14] 23 sn These were used to trim the wicks.
[25:14] 24 tn Heb “with which they served [or, ‘fulfilled their duty’].”
[25:15] 25 sn These held the embers used for the incense offerings.
[25:16] 26 tc The MT lacks “the twelve bronze bulls under ‘the Sea,’” but these words have probably been accidentally omitted by homoioarcton. The scribe’s eye may have jumped from the וְהָ (vÿha-) on וְהַבָּקָר (vÿhabbaqar), “and the bulls,” to the וְהָ on וְהַמְּכֹנוֹת (vÿhammÿkhonot), “and the movable stands,” causing him to leave out the intervening words. See the parallel passage in Jer 52:20.
[25:17] 27 tn Heb “eighteen cubits.” The standard cubit in the OT is assumed by most authorities to be about eighteen inches (45 cm) long.
[25:17] 28 tn Heb “three cubits.” The parallel passage in Jer 52:22 has “five.”
[25:19] 29 tn The parallel passage in Jer 52:25 has “seven.”
[25:19] 30 tn Heb “five seers of the king’s face.”
[25:19] 31 tn Heb “the people of the land.”
[25:21] 32 tn Heb “struck them down and killed them.”
[25:22] 34 tn Heb “And the people who were left in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon left, he appointed over them Gedaliah son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan.”
[25:23] 35 tn Heb “of the army.” The word “Judahite” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[25:24] 36 tn The words “so as to give them…some assurance of safety” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[25:25] 37 sn It is not altogether clear whether this is in the same year that Jerusalem fell or not. The wall was breached in the fourth month (= early July; Jer 39:2) and Nebuzaradan came and burned the palace, the temple, and many of the houses and tore down the wall in the fifth month (= early August; Jer 52:12). That would have left time between the fifth month and the seventh month (October) to gather in the harvest of grapes, dates and figs, and olives (Jer 40:12). However, many commentators feel that too much activity takes place in too short a time for this to have been in the same year and posit that it happened the following year or even five years later when a further deportation took place, possibly in retaliation for the murder of Gedaliah and the Babylonian garrison at Mizpah (Jer 52:30). The assassination of Gedaliah had momentous consequences and was commemorated in one of the post exilic fast days lamenting the fall of Jerusalem (Zech 8:19).
[25:25] 38 tn Heb “[was] from the seed of the kingdom.”
[25:25] 39 tn Heb “and they struck down Gedaliah and he died.”
[25:26] 40 tn Heb “arose and went to.”
[25:27] 41 sn The parallel account in Jer 52:31 has “twenty-fifth.”
[25:27] 42 sn The twenty-seventh day would be March 22, 561
[25:27] 43 tn Heb “lifted up the head of.”
[25:27] 44 tn The words “released him” are supplied in the translation on the basis of Jer 52:31.
[25:28] 45 tn Heb “made his throne above the throne of.”
[25:29] 46 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoiachin) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[25:30] 47 tc The words “until the day he died” do not appear in the MT, but they are included in the parallel passage in Jer 52:34. Probably they have been accidentally omitted by homoioteleuton. A scribe’s eye jumped from the final vav (ו) on בְּיוֹמוֹ (bÿyomo), “in his day,” to the final vav (ו) on מוֹתוֹ (moto), “his death,” leaving out the intervening words.
[22:1] 48 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[22:1] 49 tn Heb “the name of his mother.”
[22:2] 50 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the
[22:2] 51 tn Heb “and walked in all the way of David his father.”
[22:3] 52 tn Heb “with these orders, saying.”
[22:4] 53 tc The MT has וְיַתֵּם (vÿyattem), “and let them add up” (Hiphil of תָּמָם [tammam], “be complete”), but the appearance of הִתִּיכוּ (hitikhu), “they melted down” (Hiphil of נָתַךְ [natakh], “pour out”) in v. 9 suggests that the verb form should be emended to וְיַתֵּךְ (vÿyattekh), “and let him melt down” (a Hiphil of נָתַךְ [natakh]). For a discussion of this and other options see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 281.
[22:5] 54 tn Heb “doers of the work.”
[22:5] 55 tn Heb “and let them give it to the doers of the work who are in the house of the
[22:6] 56 tn Heb “and to buy wood and chiseled stone to repair the house.”
[22:7] 57 tn Heb “only the silver that is given into their hand should not be reckoned with them, for in faithfulness they are acting.”
[22:9] 58 tn Heb “returned the king a word and said.”
[22:9] 59 tn Heb “that was found in the house.”
[22:13] 60 tn Or “inquire of.”
[22:13] 61 tn Heb “concerning.”
[22:13] 62 tn Heb “for great is the anger of the
[22:13] 63 tn Heb “by doing all that is written concerning us.” Perhaps עָלֵינוּ (’alenu), “concerning us,” should be altered to עָלָיו (’alav), “upon it,” in which case one could translate, “by doing all that is written in it.”
[22:14] 64 tn Heb “the keeper of the clothes.”
[22:14] 65 tn Or “second.” For a discussion of the possible location of this district, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 283.
[22:14] 66 tn Heb “and they spoke to her.”
[22:16] 67 tn Heb “all the words of the scroll which the king of Judah has read.”
[22:17] 68 tn Or “burned incense.”
[22:17] 69 tn Heb “angering me with all the work of their hands.” The translation assumes that this refers to idols they have manufactured (note the preceding reference to “other gods,” as well as 19:18). However, it is possible that this is a general reference to their sinful practices, in which case one might translate, “angering me by all the things they do.”
[22:19] 70 tn Heb “Because your heart was tender.”
[22:19] 71 tn Heb “how I said concerning this place and its residents to become [an object of] horror and [an example of] a curse.” The final phrase (“horror and a curse”) refers to Judah becoming a prime example of an accursed people. In curse formulations they would be held up as a prime example of divine judgment. For an example of such a curse, see Jer 29:22.
[22:20] 72 tn Heb “Therefore, look, I am gathering you to your fathers, and you will be gathered to your tomb in peace.”
pada halaman